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Shingles
Shingles
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Tract Infection
Impetigo
Impetigo
Infected Insect Bites
Infected Insect Bites
Acute Sore Throat
Acute Sore Throat
Acute Sinusitis
Acute Sinusitis
Acute Otitis Media
Acute Otitis Media
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Knowledge Base

NHSE Pharmacy First PGDs

Characteristics of staff
Qualifications and professional registration
  • Registered healthcare professional listed in the legislation as able to practice under Patient Group Directions.
Initial training
  • The registered healthcare professional authorised to operate under this PGD must have undertaken appropriate education and training and be competent to undertake clinical assessment of patients ensuring safe provision of the medicines listed in accordance with the specification.
  • To deliver this service, the registered healthcare professional should have evidence of competence in the clinical skills and knowledge covered in the Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE) Pharmacy First Service self-assessment framework.
  • Before commencement of the service, the pharmacy contractor must ensure that pharmacists and pharmacy staff providing the service are competent to do so and be familiar with the clinical pathways, clinical protocol and PGDs. This may involve completion of training
Competency assessment
  • Individuals operating under this PGD must be assessed as competent or complete a self-declaration of competence to operate under this PGD (see an example authorisation record sheet in Appendix A) [Pharmacy First PGD master authorisation sheet]
  • Individuals operating under this PGD are advised to review their competency using the NICE Competency Framework for health professionals using patient group directions.
Ongoing training and competency
  • Individuals operating under this PGD are personally responsible for ensuring they remain up to date with the use of all medicines and guidance included in the PGD - if any training needs are identified these should be discussed with the senior individual responsible for authorising individuals to act under the PGD and further training provided as required.

The decision to supply any medication rests with the individual registered health professional who must abide by the PGD and any associated organisational policies.

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V)
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V)
Clinical condition or situation to which this PGD applies

Acute sore throat due to suspected streptococcal infection in children aged 5 years and over and adults.

Criteria for inclusion
  • Informed consent
  • Individuals aged 5 years and over
  • Diagnosis of sore throat using the appropriate NICE guidance.

Diagnostic tool (children and adults)
FeverPAIN score for Strep pharyngitis (one point for each):

  • Fever (high temperature) in previous 24 hours
  • Purulent tonsils
  • Attend rapidly (symptom onset ≤3 days)
  • Severe tonsillar Inflammation
  • No cough/coryza

FeverPAIN score of 4 or 5 with severe symptoms required for antimicrobial to be considered (see [Action to be taken if the individual is excluded] section).

Exclusions & Additional Prescribing Details Links
  • Criteria for exclusion
  • Cautions including any relevant action to be taken
  • Specific information for suspected infection to be provided
  • Action to be taken if the individual is excluded
  • Action to be taken if the individual/carer/parent/guardian declines treatment
  • Arrangements for referral for medical advice: Refer to the appropriate medical practitioner in the care pathway.
Description of treatment
  • Name, strength & formulation of drug
    • Phenoxymethylpenicillin 250mg tablets
    • Phenoxymethylpenicillin 125mg/5mL oral solution (or oral suspension) x 100mL
    • Phenoxymethylpenicillin 125mg/5mL sugar free oral solution (or oral suspension) x 100mL
    • Phenoxymethylpenicillin 250mg/5mL oral solution (or oral suspension) x 100mL
    • Phenoxymethylpenicillin 250mg/5mL sugar free oral solution (or oral suspension) x 100mL
  • Legal category
    • POM
  • Route / method of administration
    • Orally, on an empty stomach (30 minutes before food or 2 hours after food).
    • Tablets should be swallowed whole with water.
  • Off-label use
  • Dose and frequency of administration
    • Children 5 years:
      • 125 mg four times a day
    • Children 6-11 years:
      • 250 mg four times a day
    • Children 12–17 years and adults:
      • 500 mg four times a day
  • Duration of treatment
    • 5 days
    • Treatment should be started immediately and 5 days of treatment completed.
  • Quantity to be supplied
  • Storage
  • Drug interactions
  • Identification & management of adverse reactions
  • Management of and reporting procedure for adverse reactions
  • Written information to be given to individual/carer/parent/guardian
  • Individual advice / follow up treatment
  • Records
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin
Clinical condition or situation to which this PGD applies

Acute sore throat due to suspected streptococcal infection in children aged 5 years and over and adults, where phenoxymethylpenicillin is not appropriate due to hypersensitivity.

Criteria for inclusion
  • Informed consent
  • Individuals aged 5 years and over
  • Diagnosis of sore throat using the appropriate NICE guidance.
  • Known hypersensitivity to phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), any penicillin or any of the components within the formulation of phenoxymethylpenicillin - see Summary of Product Characteristics. Acceptable sources of allergy information include individual/carer/parent/guardian or National Care Record
    OR
  • History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis) to another beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g. cephalosporin, carbapenem or monobactam). Acceptable sources of allergy information include individual/carer/parent/guardian or National Care Record

Diagnostic tool (children and adults)
FeverPAIN score for Strep pharyngitis (one point for each):

  • Fever (high temperature) in previous 24 hours
  • Purulent tonsils
  • Attend rapidly (symptom onset ≤3 days)
  • Severe tonsillar Inflammation
  • No cough/coryza

FeverPAIN score of 4 or 5 with severe symptoms required for antimicrobial to be considered (see Action to be taken if the individual is excluded section).

Exclusions & Additional Prescribing Details Links
  • Criteria for exclusion
  • Cautions including any relevant action to be taken
  • Specific information for suspected infection to be provided
  • Action to be taken if the individual is excluded
  • Action to be taken if the individual/carer/parent/guardian declines treatment
  • Arrangements for referral for medical advice: Refer to the appropriate medical practitioner in the care pathway.
Description of treatment
  • Name, strength & formulation of drug
    • Clarithromycin 250mg tablets
    • Clarithromycin 500mg tablets
    • Clarithromycin 125mg/5mL oral suspension (or oral solution) x 70mL
    • Clarithromycin 250mg/5mL oral suspension (or oral solution) x 70mL
  • Legal category
    • POM
  • Route / method of administration
    • Orally, with water (taken with or without food). Tablets should be swallowed whole.
    • Note: Clarithromycin oral suspension (or oral solution) can cause a bitter after-taste. This can be avoided by drinking juice or water soon after intake of the oral suspension (or oral solution).
  • Off-label use
  • Dose and frequency of administration
    • Children 5–11 years:
      Body-weight:
      • up to 8 kg: 7.5 mg/kg twice daily (every 12 hours)
      • 8–11 kg: 62.5 mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
      • 12–19 kg: 125 mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
      • 20–29 kg: 187.5 mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
      • 30–40 kg: 250 mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
    • Children 12–17 years and adults:
      • 500mg twice daily (every 12 hours)
  • Duration of treatment
    • 5 days
    • Treatment should be started immediately and 5 days of treatment completed.
  • Quantity to be supplied
  • Storage
  • Drug interactions
  • Identification & management of adverse reactions
  • Management of and reporting procedure for adverse reactions
  • Additional facilities and supplies
  • Written information to be given to individual/carer/parent/guardian
  • Individual advice / follow up treatment
  • Records
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
Clinical condition or situation to which this PGD applies

Acute sore throat due to [suspected] streptococcal infection in young people and adults aged 16 years and over who are pregnant, or where pregnancy is suspected and where phenoxymethylpenicillin is not appropriate due to hypersensitivity.

Criteria for inclusion
  • Informed consent
  • Individuals aged 16 years and over
  • Diagnosis of sore throat using the appropriate NICE guidance.
  • Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
  • Known hypersensitivity to phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V), any penicillin or any of the components within the formulation of phenoxymethylpenicillin - see Summary of Product Characteristics. Acceptable sources of allergy information include individual/carer/parent/guardian or National Care Record
    OR
  • History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis) to another beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g. cephalosporin, carbapenem or monobactam). Acceptable sources of allergy information include individual/carer/parent/guardian or National Care Record

Diagnostic tool (children and adults)
FeverPAIN score for Strep pharyngitis (one point for each):

  • Fever (high temperature) in previous 24 hours
  • Purulent tonsils
  • Attend rapidly (symptom onset ≤3 days)
  • Severe tonsillar Inflammation
  • No cough/coryza

FeverPAIN score of 4 or 5 with severe symptoms required for antimicrobial to be considered (see Action to be taken if the individual is excluded section).

Exclusions & Additional Prescribing Details Links
  • Criteria for exclusion
  • Cautions including any relevant action to be taken
  • Specific information for suspected infection to be provided
  • Action to be taken if the individual is excluded
  • Action to be taken if the individual/carer/parent/guardian declines treatment
  • Arrangements for referral for medical advice: Refer to the appropriate medical practitioner in the care pathway.
Description of treatment
  • Name, strength & formulation of drug
    • Erythromycin 250mg tablets
    • Erythromycin 250mg gastro-resistant tablets
    • Erythromycin 500mg tablets
    • Erythromycin 125mg/5mL oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
    • Erythromycin 125mg/5mL sugar free oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
    • Erythromycin 250mg/5mL oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
    • Erythromycin 250mg/5mL sugar free oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
    • Erythromycin 500mg/5mL oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
    • Erythromycin 500mg/5mL sugar free oral suspension (or oral solution) x 100mL
  • Legal category
    • POM
  • Route / method of administration
    • Orally, with water (just before or with food).
    • Tablets should be swallowed whole.
  • Off-label use
  • Dose and frequency of administration
    • Young people and adults aged 16 years and over:
      • 500mg four times daily
  • Duration of treatment
    • 5 days
    • Treatment should be started immediately and 5 days of treatment completed.
  • Quantity to be supplied
  • Storage
  • Drug interactions
  • Identification & management of adverse reactions
  • Management of and reporting procedure for adverse reactions
  • Written information to be given to individual/carer/parent/guardian
  • Individual advice / follow up treatment
  • Records
Key references

Key references

  • Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V)
  • Clarithromycin
  • Erythromycin
After pharmacist reassessment, patient can be offered antibiotics if appropriate based on clinician global impression
After pharmacist reassessment...
Onward referral
• General practice
• Other provider as appropriate
Onward referral...
Consider the risk of deterioration or serious illness
Consider the risk of deterioration or serious illness
NHSE PATHWAY
NHSE PATHWAY
Acute Sore Throat
Acute Sore Throat
(For adults and children aged 5 years and over)
(For adults and children aged 5 years and over)
Exclude: pregnant individuals under 16 years
Exclude: pregnant individuals under 16 years



Complications or high risk?
Complications or...
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO


if pregnant
if pregnant
Reported penicillin allergy
(via National Care Record or Patient/Carer)
Reported penicillin allergy...
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES



FeverPAIN  score 0 or 1
FeverPAIN  score 0 or 1
FeverPAIN score 2 or 3
FeverPAIN score 2 or 3
FeverPAIN score 4 or 5 
FeverPAIN score 4 or 5 



Content sourced and adapted from NHS Pharmacy First – Clinical Pathways and Patient Group Directions (PGDs) on the NHS England website, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Content sourced and adapted from NHS Pharmacy First – Clinical Pa...
Patient presenting with signs and symptoms of acute sore throat
Patient presenting with signs and symptoms of acute sore throat
Consider the risk of deterioration or serious illness
Consider the risk of deterioration or serious illne...
15
15
■ Does the patient have signs or symptoms indicating possible scarlet fever, quinsy or glandular fever? (refer to NICE CKS for list of symptoms)
■ Does the patient have signs and symptoms of suspected cancer?
■ Is the patient immunosuppressed?
■ Does the patient have signs or symptoms indicating possible scarlet fev...
Onward referral
• General practice
• Other provider as appropriate
Onward referral...
Self-care and pain relief
Self-care and pain relief
Self-care and pain relief
Self-care and pain relief
■ Antibiotic is not needed
■ Offer over the counter treatment for symptomatic relief
■ Drink adequate fluids
■ Antibiotic is not needed...
■ Antibiotics make little difference to how long symptoms last
■ Withholding antibiotics is unlikely to lead to complications
■ Antibiotics make little diff...
Shared decision making approach using TARGET RTI resources and clinician global impression
Shared decision making appr...
Mild symptoms:
consider pain relief and self care as first line treatment.
Mild symptoms:...
Severe symptoms:
consider offering an immediate antibiotic
Severe symptoms:...
Ask patient to return to Community Pharmacy after 1 week if no improvement for pharmacist reassessment
Ask patient to return to Com...
Ask patient to return to Community Pharmacy if no improvement within 3-5 days for pharmacist reassessment
Ask patient to return to Com...
Offer Phenoxymethylpenicillin (if no allergy) for 5 days (subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Phenoxymethylpenicillin (if no allergy) for 5 days...
Offer Clarithromycin for 5 days
(subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Clarithromycin for 5 days...
Offer Erythromycin for 5 days
(subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Erythromycin for 5 days...
If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment course
If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment c...
FOR ALL PATIENTS: 
If symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly at any time
FOR ALL PATIENTS:...
FOR ALL PATIENTS: share self-care and safety-netting advice using TARGET Respiratory Tract Infection leaflets
FOR ALL PATIENTS: share self-care and safety-netting advice using TARGET Respiratory Tract Infection...
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score ahead of signposting patient to A&E or calling 999 in a life threatening emergency
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score...
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each
■ Fever (over 38°C)
■ Purulence
■ First Attendance within 3 days after onset of symptoms
■ Severely Inflamed tonsils
■ No cough or coryza (cold symptoms)
■ Fever (over 38°C)...
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4 Serious illness info
Suspected Epiglottitis
■ 4 Ds: dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling, distress
■ Do not examine the throat of anyone with suspected epiglottitis as this may precipitate closure of the airway
Suspected Epiglottitis...
Severe complications suspected (such as clinical dehydration, signs of pharyngeal abscess)
Severe complications suspected (such as clinical dehydration, si...
Stridor (noisy or high pitched sound with breathing)
Stridor (noisy or high pitched sound with breathing)
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score ahead of signposting patient to A&E or calling 999 in a life threatening emergency
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score...
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6 Y/N toggle High risk

NO
NO
■ Does the patient have signs or symptoms indicating possible scarlet fever, quinsy or glandular fever? (refer to NICE CKS for list of symptoms)
■ Does the patient have signs and symptoms of suspected cancer?
■ Is the patient immunosuppressed?
■ Does the patient have signs or symptoms indicating possible scarlet fev...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
YES
YES
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score ahead of signposting patient to A&E or calling 999 in a life threatening emergency
Consider calculating NEWS2 Score...
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9 Admit
If sepsis is suspected refer the individual urgently to A&E
If sepsis is suspected refer the individual urgently to...
Refer urgently to A&E for further assessment if: 
  • Epiglottis suspected
  • Diphtheria suspected
  • Severe complications suspected (such as clinical dehydration, signs of pharyngeal abscess)
  • Stridor present (noisy or high pitched sound when breathing)
  • Individual is severely immunosuppressed
Refer urgently to A&E for further assessment if:...
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27 Refer
Refer urgently to a prescriber for further assessment if:
  • Individual has signs or symptoms of scarlet fever or quinsy
  • Individual has signs or symptoms of glandular fever
  • Individual is immunosuppressed
  • Individual is currently taking/receiving the following medicines known  to cause agranulocytosis (e.g. methotrexate, sulfasalazine,  carbimazole, propylthiouracil, cotrimoxazole, valganciclovir, clozapine,  carbamazepine, all chemotherapy)
  • Individual is systemically unwell, but not showing signs or symptoms of sepsis
  • Possible cancer suspected:
    • Persistent mouth ulcers
    • Mass/unilateral swelling present
    • Unable to swallow
    • Bleeding or numbness in the mouth
    • Red or white patches in the mouth
    • Individuals > 45 years of age with unexplained hoarse voice, lasting 3 weeks or more.
  • Individuals where treatment under this PGD is not indicated/permitted  but upper respiratory symptoms are present and require further  assessment.
Refer urgently to a prescriber for further assessment if:...
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11 Y/N toggle
NO
NO
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each
☐ Fever (over 38°C)
☐ Purulence
☐ First Attendance within 3 days after onset of symptoms
☐ Severely Inflamed tonsils
☐ No cough or coryza (cold symptoms)
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each...
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each
Use FeverPAIN Score to assess: 1 point for each
■ Fever (over 38°C)
■ Purulence
■ First Attendance within 3 days after onset of symptoms
■ Severely Inflamed tonsils
■ No cough or coryza (cold symptoms)
■ Fever (over 38°C)...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
YES
YES
Onward referral
• General practice
• Other provider as appropriate
Onward referral...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
14 FeverPAIN score
Ask patient to return to Community Pharmacy after 1 week if no improvement for pharmacist reassessment
Ask patient to return to Com...

Self-care and pain relief
Self-care and pain relief
■ Antibiotic is not needed
■ Offer over the counter treatment for symptomatic relief
■ Drink adequate fluids
■ Antibiotic is not needed...
Text is not SVG - cannot display

Self-care and pain relief
Self-care and pain relief
■ Antibiotics make little difference to how long symptoms last
■ Withholding antibiotics is unlikely to lead to complications
■ Antibiotics make little diff...
Ask patient to return to Community Pharmacy if no improvement within 3-5 days for pharmacist reassessment
Ask patient to return to Com...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
After pharmacist reassessment, patient can be offered antibiotics if appropriate based on clinician global impression
After pharmacist reassessment...
Shared decision making approach using TARGET RTI resources and clinician global impression
Shared decision making appr...
Mild symptoms:
consider pain relief and self care as first line treatment.
Mild symptoms:...
Severe symptoms:
consider offering an immediate antibiotic
Severe symptoms:...
Reported penicillin allergy
(via National Care Record or Patient/Carer)
Reported penicillin allergy...
YES
YES
Ask patient to return to Community Pharmacy if no improvement within 3-5 days for pharmacist reassessment
Ask patient to return to Com...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
18 + Gateway
19 - Gateway
After pharmacist reassessment, patient can be offered antibiotics if appropriate based on clinician global impression
After pharmacist reassessment...
Reported penicillin allergy
(via National Care Record or Patient/Carer)
Reported penicillin allergy...
Text is not SVG - cannot display
21 + Gateway
22 - Gateway
23 Y/N toggle
24 Y/N toggle


Onward referral
• General practice
• Other provider as appropriate
Onward referral...
Offer Phenoxymethylpenicillin (if no allergy) for 5 days (subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Phenoxymethylpenicillin (if no allergy) for 5 days...
If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment course
If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment c...
FOR ALL PATIENTS: 
If symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly at any time
FOR ALL PATIENTS:...
NO
NO
Text is not SVG - cannot display
Offer Clarithromycin for 5 days
(subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Clarithromycin for 5 days...
Offer Erythromycin for 5 days
(subject to inclusion / exclusion criteria in PGD)
plus self care
Offer Erythromycin for 5 days...
Onward referral
• General practice
• Other provider as appropriate
Onward referral...

YES
YES
if pregnant
if pregnant

If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment course
If symptoms do not improve after completion of treatment c...
FOR ALL PATIENTS: 
If symptoms worsen rapidly or significantly at any time
FOR ALL PATIENTS:...
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29 NICE
CKS
CKS
Management
Management
CKS
CKS
Sepsis
Sepsis
CKS
CKS
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever
CKS
CKS
Glandular fever
Glandular fever
CKS
CKS
Definition
Definition
Causes
Causes
CKS
CKS
Complications
Complications
CKS
CKS
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
CKS
CKS
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen
CKS
CKS
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
BNF
BNF
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
BNF
BNF
Erythromycin
Erythromycin
CKS
CKS
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin
Clarithromycin and Erythromycin
BNF
BNF
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin
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